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INSTRUCTIONSReading Test
65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph).

Press NEXT button to start

1
Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?

One character argues with another character who intrudes on her home.

One character receives a surprising request from another character.

One character reminisces about choices she has made over the years.

One character criticizes another character for pursuing an unexpected course of action.

2
Which choice best describes the developmental pattern of the passage?

A careful analysis of a traditional practice

A detailed depiction of a meaningful encounter

A definitive response to a series of questions

A cheerful recounting of an amusing anecdote

3
As used in line 1 and line 65, “directly” most nearly means

frankly.

confidently.

without mediation.

with precision.

4
Which reaction does Akira most fear from Chie?

She will consider his proposal inappropriate.

She will mistake his earnestness for immaturity.

She will consider his unscheduled visit an imposition.

She will underestimate the sincerity of his emotions.

5
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Line 33 (“His voice . . . refined”)

Lines 49-51 (“You . . . mind”)

Lines 63-64 (“Please . . . proposal”)

Lines 71-72 (“Eager . . . face”)

6
In the passage, Akira addresses Chie with

affection but not genuine love.

objectivity but not complete impartiality.

amusement but not mocking disparagement.

respect but not utter deference.

7
The main purpose of the first paragraph is to

describe a culture.

criticize a tradition.

question a suggestion.

analyze a reaction.

8
As used in line 2, “form” most nearly means

appearance.

custom.

structure.

nature.

9
Why does Akira say his meeting with Chie is “a matter of urgency” (line 32)?

He fears that his own parents will disapprove of Naomi.

He worries that Naomi will reject him and marry someone else.

He has been offered an attractive job in another country.

He knows that Chie is unaware of his feelings for Naomi.

10
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Line 39 (“I don’t . . . you”)

Lines 39-42 (“Normally . . . community”)

Lines 58-59 (“Depending . . . Japan”)

Lines 72-73 (“I see . . . you”)

11
The authors most likely use the examples in lines 1-9 of the passage (“Every . . . showers”) to highlight the

regularity with which people shop for gifts.

recent increase in the amount of money spent on gifts.

anxiety gift shopping causes for consumers.

number of special occasions involving gift-giving.

12
In line 10, the word “ambivalent” most nearly means

unrealistic.

conflicted.

apprehensive.

supportive.

13
The authors indicate that people value gift-giving because they feel it

functions as a form of self-expression.

is an inexpensive way to show appreciation.

requires the gift-recipient to reciprocate.

can serve to strengthen a relationship.

14
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Lines 10-13 (“Many . . . peers”)

Lines 22-23 (“People . . . own”)

Lines 31-32 (“Research . . . perspectives”)

Lines 44-47 (“Although . . . unfounded”)

15
The “social psychologists” mentioned in paragraph 2 (lines 17-34) would likely describe the “deadweight loss” phenomenon as

predictable.

questionable.

disturbing.

unprecedented.

16
The passage indicates that the assumption made by gift-givers in lines 41-44 may be

insincere.

unreasonable.

incorrect.

substantiated.

17
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Lines 53-55 (“Perhaps . . . consideration”)

Lines 55-60 (“According . . . relationship”)

Lines 63-65 (“As . . . consideration”)

Lines 75-78 (“In . . . relations”)

18
As it is used in line 54, “convey” most nearly means

transport.

counteract.

exchange.

communicate.

19
The authors refer to work by Camerer and others (line 56) in order to

offer an explanation.

introduce an argument.

question a motive.

support a conclusion.

20
The graph following the passage offers evidence that gift-givers base their predictions of how much a gift will be appreciated on

the appreciation level of the gift-recipients.

the monetary value of the gift.

their own desires for the gifts they purchase.

their relationship with the gift-recipients.

21
The authors would likely attribute the differences in gift-giver and recipient mean appreciation as represented in the graph to

an inability to shift perspective.

an increasingly materialistic culture.

a growing opposition to gift-giving.

a misunderstanding of intentions.

22
The authors use the word “backbone” in lines 3 and 39 to indicate that

only very long chains of DNA can be taken from an organism with a spinal column

the main structure of a chain in a DNA molecule is composed of repeating units.

a chain in a DNA molecule consists entirely of phosphate groups or of sugars.

nitrogenous

23
A student claims that nitrogenous bases pair randomly with one another. Which of the following statements in the passage contradicts the student’s claim?

Lines 5-6 (“To each . . . types”)

Lines 9-10 (“So far . . . irregular”)

Lines 23-25 (“The bases . . . other”)

Lines 27-29 (“One member . . . chains”)

24
In the second paragraph (lines 12-19), what do the authors claim to be a feature of biological interest?

The chemical formula of DNA

The common fiber axis

The X-ray evidence

DNA consisting of two chains

25
The authors’ main purpose of including the information about X-ray evidence and density is to

establish that DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic information.

present an alternate hypothesis about the composition of a nucleotide.

provide support for the authors’ claim about the number of chains in a molecule of DNA.

confirm the relationship between the density of DNA and the known chemical formula of DNA.

26
Based on the passage, the authors’ statement “If a pair consisted of two purines, for example, there would not be room for it” (lines 29-30) implies that a pair

of purines would be larger than the space between a sugar and a phosphate group.

of purines would be larger than a pair consisting of a purine and a pyrimidine.

of pyrimidines would be larger than a pair of purines.

consisting of a purine and a pyrimidine would be larger than a pair of pyrimidines.

27
The authors’ use of the words “exact,” “specific,” and “complement” in lines 47-49 in the final paragraph functions mainly to

confirm that the nucleotide sequences are known for most molecules of DNA.

counter the claim that the sequences of bases along a chain can occur in any order.

support the claim that the phosphate-sugar backbone of the authors’ model is completely regular.

emphasize how one chain of DNA may serve as a template to be copied during DNA replication.

28
Based on the table and passage, which choice gives the correct percentages of the purines in yeast DNA?

17.1% and 18.7%

17.1% and 32.9%

18.7% and 31.3%

31.3% and 32.9%

29
Do the data in the table support the authors’ proposed pairing of bases in DNA?

Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.

Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine.

No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.

No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine.

30
According to the table, which of the following pairs of base percentages in sea urchin DNA provides evidence in support of the answer to the previous question?

17.3% and 17.7%

17.3% and 32.1%

17.3% and 32.8%

17.7% and 32.8%

31
Based on the table, is the percentage of adenine in each organism’s DNA the same or does it vary, and which statement made by the authors is most consistent with that data?

The same; “Two of . . . pyrimidines” (lines 6-8)

The same; “The important . . . structure” (lines 25-26)

It varies; “Adenine . . . thymine” (lines 36-38)

It varies; “It follows . . . information” (lines 41-45)

32
The main purpose of the passage is to

emphasize the value of a tradition.

stress the urgency of an issue.

highlight the severity of social divisions.

question the feasibility of an undertaking.

33
The central claim of the passage is that

educated women face a decision about how to engage with existing institutions.

women can have positions of influence in English society only if they give up some of their traditional roles.

the male monopoly on power in English society has had grave and continuing effects.

the entry of educated women into positions of power traditionally held by men will transform those positions.

34
Woolf uses the word “we” throughout the passage mainly to

reflect the growing friendliness among a group of people.

advance the need for candor among a group of people.

establish a sense of solidarity among a group of people.

reinforce the need for respect among a group of people.

35
According to the passage, Woolf chooses the setting of the bridge because it

is conducive to a mood of fanciful reflection.

provides a good view of the procession of the sons of educated men.

is within sight of historic episodes to which she alludes.

is symbolic of the legacy of past and present sons of educated men.

36
Woolf indicates that the procession she describes in the passage

has come to have more practical influence in recent years.

has become a celebrated feature of English public life.

includes all of the richest and most powerful men in England.

has become less exclusionary in its membership in recent years.

37
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Lines 12-17 (“There . . . money”)

Lines 17-19 (“It . . . desert”)

Lines 23-24 (“For . . . ourselves”)

Lines 30-34 (“We . . . pulpit”)

38
Woolf characterizes the questions in lines 53-57 (“For we . . . men”) as both

controversial and threatening.

weighty and unanswerable.

momentous and pressing.

provocative and mysterious.

39
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Lines 46-47 (“We . . . questions”)

Lines 48-49 (“And . . . them”)

Line 57 (“The moment . . . short”)

Line 62 (“That . . . Madam”)

40
Which choice most closely captures the meaning of the figurative “sixpence” referred to in lines 70 and 71?

Tolerance

Knowledge

Opportunity

Perspective

41
The range of places and occasions listed in lines 72-76 (“Let us . . . funerals”) mainly serves to emphasize how

novel the challenge faced by women is.

pervasive the need for critical reflection is.

complex the political and social issues of the day are.

enjoyable the career possibilities for women are.

42
In lines 9-17, the author of Passage 1 mentions several companies primarily to

note the technological advances that make space mining possible.

provide evidence of the growing interest in space mining.

emphasize the large profits to be made from space mining.

highlight the diverse ways to carry out space mining operations.

43
The author of Passage 1 indicates that space mining could have which positive effect?

It could yield materials important to Earth’s economy.

It could raise the value of some precious metals on Earth.

It could create unanticipated technological innovations.

It could change scientists’ understanding of space resources.

44
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Lines 18-22 (“Within . . . lanthanum”)

Lines 24-28 (“They . . . projects”)

Lines 29-30 (“In this . . . commodity”)

Lines 41-44 (“Companies . . . machinery”)

45
As used in line 19, “demands” most nearly means

offers.

claims.

inquiries.

desires.

46
What function does the discussion of water in lines 35-40 serve in Passage 1?

It continues an extended comparison that begins in the previous paragraph.

It provides an unexpected answer to a question raised in the previous paragraph.

It offers hypothetical examples supporting a claim made in the previous paragraph.

It examines possible outcomes of a proposal put forth in the previous paragraph.

47
The central claim of Passage 2 is that space mining has positive potential but

it will end up encouraging humanity’s reckless treatment of the environment.

its effects should be thoughtfully considered before it becomes a reality.

such potential may not include replenishing key resources that are disappearing on Earth.

experts disagree about the commercial viability of the discoveries it could yield.

48
As used in line 68, “hold” most nearly means

maintain.

grip.

restrain.

withstand.

49
Which statement best describes the relationship between the passages?

Passage 2 refutes the central claim advanced in Passage 1.

Passage 2 illustrates the phenomenon described in more general terms in Passage 1.

Passage 2 argues against the practicality of the proposals put forth in Passage 1.

Passage 2 expresses reservations about developments discussed in Passage 1.

50
The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the discussion of the future of space mining in lines 18-28, Passage 1, by claiming that such a future

is inconsistent with the sustainable use of space resources.

will be difficult to bring about in the absence of regulations.

cannot be attained without technologies that do not yet exist.

seems certain to affect Earth’s economy in a negative way.

51
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Lines 60-63 (“Some . . . pristine”)

Lines 74-76 (“The resources . . . Earth”)

Lines 81-83 (“One . . . avoided”)

Lines 85-87 (“Without . . . insecure”)

52
Which point about the resources that will be highly valued in space is implicit in Passage 1 and explicit in Passage 2?

They may be different resources from those that are valuable on Earth.

They will be valuable only if they can be harvested cheaply.

They are likely to be primarily precious metals and rare earth elements.

They may increase in value as those same resources become rare on Earth.

INSTRUCTIONSWriting and Language Test
35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions.
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole. After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage as it is.

Press NEXT button to start

Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.

Whey to Go
Greek yogurt—a strained form of cultured yogurt—has grown enormously in popularity in the United States since it was first introduced in the country in the late 1980s.
From 2011 to 2012 alone, sales of Greek yogurt in the US increased by 50 percent. The resulting increase in Greek yogurt production has forced those involved in the business to address the detrimental effects that the yogurt-making process may be having on the environment. Fortunately, farmers and others in the Greek yogurt business have found many methods of controlling and eliminating most environmental threats. Given these solutions as well as the many health benefits of the food, the advantages of Greek yogurt 1 outdo the potential drawbacks of its production.

[1] The main environmental problem caused by the production of Greek yogurt is the creation of acid whey as a by-product. [2] Because it requires up to four times more milk to make than conventional yogurt does, Greek yogurt produces larger amounts of acid whey, which is difficult to dispose of. [3] To address the problem of disposal, farmers have found a number of uses for acid whey. [4] They can add it to livestock feed as a protein 2 supplement, and people can make their own Greek-style yogurt at home by straining regular yogurt. [5] If it is improperly introduced into the environment, acid-whey runoff 3 can pollute waterways, depleting the oxygen content of streams and rivers as it decomposes. [6] Yogurt manufacturers, food 4 scientists; and government officials are also working together to develop additional solutions for reusing whey. 5

NO CHANGE

defeat

outperform

outweigh

2
Which choice provides the most relevant detail?

NO CHANGE

supplement and convert it into gas to use as fuel in electricity production.

supplement, while sweet whey is more desirable as a food additive for humans.

supplement, which provides an important element of their diet.

NO CHANGE

can pollute waterway's

could have polluted waterways

has polluted waterway’s

NO CHANGE

scientists: and

scientists, and

scientists, and,

5
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5 should be placed

where it is now.

after sentence 1.

after sentence 2.

after sentence 3.

6 Though these conservation methods can be costly and time-consuming, they are well worth the effort. Nutritionists consider Greek yogurt to be a healthy food: it is an excellent source of calcium and protein, serves 7 to be a digestive aid, and 8 it contains few calories in its unsweetened low- and non-fat forms. Greek yogurt is slightly lower in sugar and carbohydrates than conventional yogurt is. 9 Also, because it is more concentrated, Greek yogurt contains slightly more protein per serving, thereby helping people stay...

6
The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the writer do this?

Yes, because it does not provide a transition from the previous paragraph.

Yes, because it fails to support the main argument of the passage as introduced in the first paragraph.

No, because it continues the explanation of how acid whey can be disposed of safely.

No, because it sets up the argument in the paragraph for the benefits of Greek yogurt.

NO CHANGE

for

NO CHANGE

containing

contains

will contain

NO CHANGE

In other words,

Therefore,

For instance,

10 satiated for longer periods of time. These health benefits have prompted Greek yogurt’s recent surge in popularity. In fact, Greek yogurt can be found in an increasing number of products such as snack food and frozen desserts. Because consumers reap the nutritional benefits of Greek yogurt and support those who make and sell 11 it, therefore farmers and businesses should continue finding safe and effective methods of producing the food.

10

NO CHANGE

fulfilled

complacent

sufficient

NO CHANGE

it, farmers

it, so farmers

it: farmers

Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.

Dark Snow
Most of Greenland’s interior is covered by a thick layer of ice and compressed snow known as the Greenland Ice Sheet. The size of the ice sheet fluctuates seasonally: in summer, average daily high temperatures in Greenland can rise to slightly above 50 degrees Fahrenheit, partially melting the ice; in the winter, the sheet thickens as additional snow falls, and average daily low temperatures can drop 20 to as low as 20 degrees.

12
Which choice most accurately and effectively represents the information in the graph?

NO CHANGE

to 12 degrees Fahrenheit.

to their lowest point on December 13.

to 10 degrees Fahrenheit and stay there for months.

Typically, the ice sheet begins to show evidence of thawing in late 13 summer. This follows several weeks of higher temperatures. 14 For example, in the summer of 2012, virtually the entire Greenland Ice Sheet underwent thawing at or near its surface by mid-July, the earliest date on record. Most scientists looking for the causes of the Great Melt of 2012 have focused exclusively on rising temperatures. The summer of 2012 was the warmest in 170 years, records show. But Jason 15 Box, an associate professor of geology at Ohio State believes that another factor added to the early 16 thaw; the “dark snow” problem.

13
Which choice most effectively combines the two sentences at the underlined portion?

summer, following

summer, and this thawing follows

summer, and such thawing follows

summer and this evidence follows

NO CHANGE

However,

As such,

Moreover,

NO CHANGE

Box an associate professor of geology at Ohio State,

Box, an associate professor of geology at Ohio State,

Box, an associate professor of geology, at Ohio State

NO CHANGE

thaw; and it was

thaw:

thaw: being

According to Box, a leading Greenland expert, tundra fires in 2012 from as far away as North America produced great amounts of soot, some 17 of it drifted over Greenland in giant plumes of smoke and then 18 fell as particles onto the ice sheet. Scientists have long known that soot particles facilitate melting by darkening snow and ice, limiting 19 it’s ability to reflect the Sun’s rays. As Box explains, “Soot is an extremely powerful light absorber. It settles over the ice and captures the Sun’s heat.” The result is a self-reinforcing cycle. As the ice melts, the land and water under the ice become exposed, and since land and water are darker than snow, the surface absorbs even more heat, which 20 is related to the rising temperatures.

17

NO CHANGE

soot

of which

DELETE the underlined portion.

NO CHANGE

falls

will fall

had fallen

NO CHANGE

its

there

their

20
Which choice best completes the description of a self-reinforcing cycle?

NO CHANGE

raises the surface temperature.

begins to cool at a certain point.

leads to additional melting.

[1] Box’s research is important because the fires of 2012 may not be a one-time phenomenon. [2] According to scientists, rising Arctic temperatures are making northern latitudes greener and thus more fire prone. [3] The pattern Box observed in 2012 may repeat 21 itself again, with harmful effects on the Arctic ecosystem. [4] Box is currently organizing an expedition to gather this crucial information. [5] The next step for Box and his team is to travel to Greenland to perform direct sampling of the ice in order to determine just how much the soot is contributing to the melting of the ice sheet. [6] Members of the public will be able to track his team’s progress—and even help fund the expedition—through a website Box has created. 22

21

NO CHANGE

itself,

itself, with damage and

itself possibly,

22
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 4 should be placed

where it is now.

after sentence 1.

after sentence 2.

after sentence 5.

Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage.

Coworking: A Creative Solution
When I left my office job as a website developer at a small company for a position that allowed me to work full-time from home, I thought I had it made: I gleefully traded in my suits and dress shoes for sweatpants and slippers, my frantic early-morning bagged lunch packing for a leisurely midday trip to my refrigerator. The novelty of this comfortable work-from-home life, however, 23 soon got worn off quickly. Within a month, I found myself feeling isolated despite having frequent email and instant messaging contact with my colleagues. Having become frustrated trying to solve difficult problems, 24 no colleagues were nearby to share ideas. It was during this time that I read an article 25 into coworking spaces.

NO CHANGE

was promptly worn

promptly wore

wore

NO CHANGE

colleagues were important for sharing ideas.

ideas couldn’t be shared with colleagues.

I missed having colleagues nearby to consult.

NO CHANGE

about

upon

for

The article, published by Forbes magazine, explained that coworking spaces are designated locations that, for a fee, individuals can use to conduct their work. The spaces are usually stocked with standard office 26 equipment, such as photocopiers, printers, and fax machines. 27 In these locations, however, the spaces often include small meeting areas and larger rooms for hosting presentations. 28 The cost of launching a new coworking business in the United States is estimated to be approximately $58,000.

NO CHANGE

equipment, such as:

equipment such as:

equipment, such as,

NO CHANGE

In addition to equipment,

For these reasons,

Likewise,

28
The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?

Kept, because it provides a detail that supports the main topic of the paragraph.

Kept, because it sets up the main topic of the paragraph that follows.

Deleted, because it blurs the paragraph’s main focus with a loosely related detail.

Deleted, because it repeats information that has been provided in an earlier paragraph.

What most caught my interest, though, was a quotation from someone who described coworking spaces as “melting pots of creativity.” The article refers to a 2012 survey in which 29 64 percent of respondents noted that coworking spaces prevented them from completing tasks in a given time. The article goes on to suggest that the most valuable resources provided by coworking spaces are actually the people 30 whom use them.

29
At this point, the writer wants to add specific information that supports the main topic of the paragraph.

Which choice most effectively completes the sentence with relevant and accurate information based on the graph above?

NO CHANGE

71 percent of respondents indicated that using a coworking space increased their creativity.

respondents credited coworking spaces with giving them 74 percent of their ideas relating to business.

respondents revealed that their ability to focus on their work improved by 12 percent in a coworking space.

NO CHANGE

whom uses

who uses

who use

[1] Thus, even though I already had all the equipment I needed in my home office, I decided to try using a coworking space in my city. [2] Because I was specifically interested in coworking’s reported benefits related to creativity, I chose a facility that offered a bright, open work area where I wouldn’t be isolated. [3] Throughout the morning, more people appeared. [4] Periods of quiet, during which everyone worked independently, were broken up occasionally with lively conversation. 31

I liked the experience so much that I now go to the coworking space a few times a week. Over time, I’ve gotten to know several of my coworking 32 colleagues: another website developer, a graphic designer, a freelance writer, and several mobile app coders. Even those of us who work in disparate fields are able to 33 share advice and help each other brainstorm. In fact, it’s the diversity of their talents and experiences that makes my coworking colleagues so valuable.

31
The writer wants to add the following sentence to the paragraph.

After filling out a simple registration form and taking a quick tour of the facility, I took a seat at a table and got right to work on my laptop.

The best placement for the sentence is immediately

before sentence 1.

after sentence 1.

after sentence 2.

after sentence 3.

NO CHANGE

colleagues;

colleagues,

colleagues

NO CHANGE

give some wisdom

proclaim our opinions

opine

Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage.

The Consolations of Philosophy
Long viewed by many as the stereotypical useless major, philosophy is now being seen by many students and prospective employers as in fact a very useful and practical major, offering students a host of transferable skills with relevance to the modern workplace. 34 In broad terms, philosophy is the study of meaning and the values underlying thought and behavior. But 35 more pragmatically, the discipline encourages students to analyze complex material, question conventional beliefs, and express thoughts in a concise manner.

Because philosophy 36 teaching students not what to think but how to think, the age-old discipline offers consistently useful tools for academic and professional achievement. 37 A 1994 survey concluded that only 18 percent of American colleges required at least one philosophy course. 38 Therefore, between 1992 and 1996, more than 400 independent philosophy departments were eliminated from institutions.

NO CHANGE

For example,

In contrast,

Nevertheless,

NO CHANGE

speaking in a more pragmatic way,

speaking in a way more pragmatically,

in a more pragmatic-speaking way,

NO CHANGE

teaches

to teach

and teaching

37
Which choice most effectively sets up the information that follows?

Consequently, philosophy students have been receiving an increasing number of job offers.

Therefore, because of the evidence, colleges increased their offerings in philosophy.

Notwithstanding the attractiveness of this course of study, students have resisted majoring in philosophy.

However, despite its many utilitarian benefits, colleges have not always supported the study of philosophy.

NO CHANGE

Thus,

Moreover,

However,

More recently, colleges have recognized the practicality and increasing popularity of studying philosophy and have markedly increased the number of philosophy programs offered. By 2008 there were 817 programs, up from 765 a decade before. In addition, the number of four-year graduates in philosophy has grown 46 percent in a decade. Also, studies have found that those students who major in philosophy often do better than students from other majors in both verbal reasoning and analytical 39 writing. These results can be measured by standardized test scores. On the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), for example, students intending to study philosophy in graduate school 40 has scored higher than students in all but four other majors.

These days, many 41 student’s majoring in philosophy have no intention of becoming philosophers; instead they plan to apply those skills to other disciplines. Law and business specifically benefit from the complicated theoretical issues raised in the study of philosophy, but philosophy can be just as useful in engineering or any field requiring complex analytic skills. 42 That these skills are transferable across professions....

39
Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?

writing as

writing, and these results can be

writing, which can also be

writing when the results are

NO CHANGE

have scored

scores

scoring

NO CHANGE

students majoring

students major

student’s majors

42
At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence.

The ancient Greek philosopher Plato, for example,wrote many of his works in the form of dialogues.

Should the writer make this addition here?

Yes, because it reinforces the passage’s main point about the employability of philosophy majors.

Yes, because it acknowledges a common counterargument to the passage’s central claim.

No, because it blurs the paragraph’s focus by introducing a new idea that goes unexplained.

No, because it undermines the passage’s claim about the employability of philosophy majors.

.... 43 which makes them especially beneficial to twenty-first-century students. Because today’s students can expect to hold multiple jobs—some of which may not even exist yet—during 44 our lifetime, studying philosophy allows them to be flexible and adaptable. High demand, advanced exam scores, and varied professional skills all argue for maintaining and enhancing philosophy courses and majors within academic institutions.

NO CHANGE

that

and

DELETE the underlined portion.

NO CHANGE

one’s

his or her

their

INSTRUCTIONSMath Test – No Calculator
25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided. For questions 16-20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the box.

NOTES
1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f (x) is a real number.

Press NEXT button to start

1
If

and k=3, what is the value of x ?

2
For i =√ −1 , what is the sum (7 + 3i) + (−8 + 9i) ?

−1 + 12i

−1 − 6i

15 + 12i

15 − 6i

3
On Saturday afternoon, Armand sent m text messages each hour for 5 hours, and Tyrone sent p text messages each hour for 4 hours. Which of the following represents the total number of messages sent by Armand and Tyrone on Saturday afternoon?

9mp

20mp

5m+4p

4m+5p

4
Kathy is a repair technician for a phone company. Each week, she receives a batch of phones that need repairs. The number of phones that she has left to fix at the end of each day can be estimated with the equation P = 108 − 23d, where P is the number of phones left and d is the number of days she has worked that week. What is the meaning of the
value 108 in this equation?

Kathy will complete the repairs within 108 days.

Kathy starts each week with 108 phones to fix.

Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per hour.

Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per day.

Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above?

6
h = 3a + 28.6
A pediatrician uses the model above to estimate the height h of a boy, in inches, in terms of the boy’s age a, in years, between the ages of 2 and 5. Based on the model, what is the estimated increase, in inches, of a boy’s height each year?

5.7

9.5

14.3

8
If a/b = 2, what is the value of 4b/a?

9
3x +4y =−23
2y −x =−19
What is the solution (x, y) to the system of equations above?

(−5, −2)

(3, −8)

(4, −6)

(9, −6)

10
g(x) = ax² + 24
For the function g defined above, a is a constant and g(4) = 8. What is the value of g(−4) ?

-1

-8

11
b = 2.35 + 0.25x
c = 1.75 + 0.40x
In the equations above, b and c represent the price per pound, in dollars, of beef and chicken, respectively, x weeks after July 1 during last summer. What was the price per pound of beef when it was equal to the price per pound of chicken?

$2.60

$2.85

$2.95

$3.35

12
A line in the xy-plane passes through the origin and has a slope of 1/7. Which of the following points lies on the line?

(0, 7)

(1, 7)

(7, 7)

(14, 2)

13
If x > 3, which of the following is equivalent to

14
If 3x-y=12, what is the value of 8^x/2^y?

2¹²

4⁴

8²

The value cannot be determined from the information given.

15
If (ax + 2)(bx + 7) = 15x² + cx + 14 for all values of x, and a + b = 8, what are the two possible values for c ?

3 and 5

6 and 35

10 and 21

31 and 41

16
If t > 0 and t² − 4 = 0, what is the value of t ?

A summer camp counselor wants to find a length, x, in feet, across a lake as represented in the sketch above. The lengths represented by AB, EB, BD, and CD on the sketch were determined to be 1800 feet,
1400 feet, 700 feet, and 800 feet, respectively. Segments AC and DE intersect at B, and ∠AEB and ∠CDB have the same measure. What is the value of x ?

18
x + y = -9
x + 2y = -25
According to the system of equations above, what is the value of x ?

19
In a right triangle, one angle measures x°, where
sin x° = 4/5. What is cos(90° − x°) ?

20
If

, what is the value of x ?

INSTRUCTIONSMath Test – Calculator
55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided. For questions 31-38, solve the problem and enter your answer in the box.

NOTES
1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f (x) is a real number.

Press NEXT button to start

1
John runs at different speeds as part of his training program. The graph shows his target heart rate at different times during his workout. On which interval is the target heart rate strictly increasing then strictly decreasing?

Between 0 and 30 minutes

Between 40 and 60 minutes

Between 50 and 65 minutes

Between 70 and 90 minutes

2
If y = kx, where k is a constant, and y = 24 when x = 6, what is the value of y when x = 5 ?

In the figure above, lines l and m are parallel and lines s and t are parallel. If the measure of ∠1 is 35°, what is the measure of ∠2 ?

35°

55°

70°

145°

4
If 16 + 4x is 10 more than 14, what is the value of 8x ?

5
Which of the following graphs best shows a strong negative association between d and t ?

6
1 decagram = 10 grams
1,000 milligrams = 1 gram
A hospital stores one type of medicine in 2-decagram containers. Based on the information given above, how many 1-milligram doses are there in one 2-decagram container?

0.002

200

2,000

20,000

The number of rooftops with solar panel installations in 5 cities is shown in the graph above. If the total number of installations is 27,500, what is an appropriate label for the vertical axis of the graph?

Number of installations (in tens)

Number of installations (in hundreds)

Number of installations (in thousands)

Number of installations (in tens of thousands)

8
For what value of n is |n − 1| + 1 equal to 0 ?

There is no such value of n.

Questions 9 and 10 refer to the following information.
a = 1,052 + 1.08t
The speed of a sound wave in air depends on the air temperature. The formula above shows the relationship between a, the speed of a sound wave, in feet per second, and t, the air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit (°F).

9
Which of the following expresses the air temperature in terms of the speed of a sound wave?

10
At which of the following air temperatures will the speed of a sound wave be closest to 1,000 feet per second?

−46°F

−48°F

−49°F

−50°F

11
Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution of the inequality 3x − 5 ≥ 4x − 3 ?

-1

-2

-3

-5

Based on the histogram above, of the following, which is closest to the average (arithmetic mean) number of seeds per apple?

A group of tenth-grade students responded to a survey that asked which math course they were currently enrolled in. The survey data were broken down as shown in the table above. Which of the following categories accounts for approximately 19 percent of all the survey respondents?

Females taking Geometry

Females taking Algebra II

Males taking Geometry

Males taking Algebra I

The table above lists the lengths, to the nearest inch, of a random sample of 21 brown bullhead fish. The outlier measurement of 24 inches is an error. Of the mean, median, and range of the values listed, which will change the most if the 24-inch measurement is removed from the data?

Mean

Median

Range

They will all change by the same amount.

Questions 15 and 16 refer to the following information.

The graph above displays the total cost C, in dollars, of
renting a boat for h hours.

15
What does the C-intercept represent in the graph?

The initial cost of renting the boat

The total number of boats rented

The total number of hours the boat is rented

The increase in cost to rent the boat for each additional hour

16
Which of the following represents the relationship between h and C ?

The complete graph of the function f is shown in the xy-plane above. For what value of x is the value of f(x) at its minimum?

-5

-3

-2

18
y < -x + a
y > x + b

In the xy-plane, if (0, 0) is a solution to the system of inequalities above, which of the following relationships between a and b must be true?

a > b

b > a

|a| > |b|

a = -b

19
A food truck sells salads for $6.50 each and drinks for $2.00 each. The food truck’s revenue from selling a total of 209 salads and drinks in one day was $836.50. How many salads were sold that day?

105

20
Alma bought a laptop computer at a store that gave a 20 percent discount off its original price. The total amount she paid to the cashier was p dollars, including an 8 percent sales tax on the discounted price. Which of the following represents the original price of the computer in terms of p ?

The data in the table above were produced by a sleep researcher studying the number of dreams people recall when asked to record their dreams for one week. Group X consisted of 100 people who observed early bedtimes, and Group Y consisted of 100 people who observed later bedtimes. If a person is chosen at random from those who recalled at least 1 dream, what is the probability that the person belonged to Group Y ?

68/100

79/100

79/164

164/200

Questions 22 and 23 refer to the following information.

The table above lists the annual budget, in thousands of dollars, for each of six different state programs in Kansas from 2007 to 2010.

22
Which of the following best approximates the average rate of change in the annual budget for agriculture/natural resources in Kansas from 2008 to 2010 ?

$50,000,000 per year

$65,000,000 per year

$75,000,000 per year

$130,000,000 per year

23
Of the following, which program’s ratio of its 2007 budget to its 2010 budget is closest to the human resources program’s ratio of its 2007 budget to its 2010 budget?

Agriculture/natural resources

Education

Highways and transportation

Public safety

24
Which of the following is an equation of a circle in the xy-plane with center (0, 4) and a radius with endpoint (4/3 , 5)?

25
h = − 4.9t² + 25t
The equation above expresses the approximate height h, in meters, of a ball t seconds after it is launched vertically upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 25 meters per second. After approximately how many seconds will the ball hit the ground?

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

26
Katarina is a botanist studying the production of pears by two types of pear trees. She noticed that Type A trees produced 20 percent more pears than Type B trees did. Based on Katarina’s observation, if the Type A trees produced 144 pears, how many pears did the Type B trees produce?

115

120

124

173

27
A square field measures 10 meters by 10 meters. Ten students each mark off a randomly selected region of the field; each region is square and has side lengths of 1 meter, and no two regions overlap. The students count the earthworms contained in the soil to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground’s surface in each region. The results are shown in the table below.

Which of the following is a reasonable approximation of the number of earthworms to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground’s surface in the entire field?

150

1,500

15,000

150,000

28

If the system of inequalities y ≥ 2x + 1 and y > 0.5x - 1 is graphed in the xy-plane above, which quadrant contains no solutions to the system?

Quadrant II

Quadrant III

Quadrant IV

There are solutions in all four quadrants.

29
For a polynomial p(x), the value of p(3) is −2. Which of the following must be true about p(x) ?

x − 5 is a factor of p(x).

x − 2 is a factor of p(x).

x + 2 is a factor of p(x).

The remainder when p(x) is divided by x − 3 is −2.

Which of the following is an equivalent form of the equation of the graph shown in the xy-plane above, from which the coordinates of vertex A can be identified as constants in the equation?

y = (x + 3)(x − 5)

y = (x − 3)(x + 5)

y = x(x − 2) − 15

y = (x − 1)² − 16

31
Wyatt can husk at least 12 dozen ears of corn per hour and at most 18 dozen ears of corn per hour. Based on this information, what is a possible amount of time, in hours, that it could take Wyatt to husk 72 dozen ears of corn?

32
The posted weight limit for a covered wooden bridge in Pennsylvania is 6000 pounds. A delivery truck that is carrying x identical boxes each weighing 14 pounds will pass over the bridge. If the combined weight of the empty delivery truck and its driver is 4500 pounds, what is the maximum possible value for x that will keep the combined weight of the truck, driver, and boxes below the bridge’s posted weight limit?

According to the line graph above, the number of portable media players sold in 2008 is what fraction of the number sold in 2011 ?

34
A local television station sells time slots for programs in 30-minute intervals. If the station operates 24 hours per day, every day of the week, what is the total number of 30-minute time slots the station can sell for Tuesday and Wednesday?

A dairy farmer uses a storage silo that is in the shape of the right circular cylinder above. If the volume of the silo is 72π cubic yards, what is the diameter of the base of the cylinder, in yards?

For what value of x is the function h above undefined?

Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following information.

Jessica opened a bank account that earns 2 percent interest compounded annually. Her initial deposit was $100, and she uses the expression $100(x)^t to find the value of the account after t years.

37
What is the value of x in the expression?

Jessica’s friend Tyshaun found an account that earns 2.5 percent interest compounded annually. Tyshaun made an initial deposit of $100 into this account at the same time Jessica made a deposit of $100 into her account. After 10 years, how much more money will Tyshaun’s initial deposit have earned than Jessica’s initial deposit? (Round your answer to the nearest cent and ignore the dollar sign when writing your response.)

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