Пробный IELTS тест онлайн

Questions 9 and 10
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C

9 The man decides to book

10 The man will have to pay

LISTENING

SECTION 3
Questions 21-30

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Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer
Questions 21-24

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21 What aspect of history is it important to learn something from?
 

22 What do we also need to know about our ancestors? 
 

23 Where are transferable skills useful?
 

24 What kind of approach to learning does social science use?
 

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Questions 25-30
What is said about each of these subjects studied on a social studies course?
Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-H next to Questions.

A This will focus on how each generation learns about its own culture.
B This necessarily includes a study of physics and chemistry.
C This is studied from the point of view of human behaviour.
D This will only be covered in terms of its theory.
E This also covers the distribution of wealth.
F This includes the study of archaeology.
G This has received criticism for not being scientific enough.
H This includes some work on urban planning.

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25 Anthropology
 

26 Economics
 

27 Education
 

28 Geography
 

29 Law
 

30 Sociology and social work
 

LISTENING

SECTION 4
Questions 31-40

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Questions 31-37
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

31 Students should complete their work on the 1950s 
 

32 According to the lecturer, the 'baby boom' happened
 

33 In the sixties, the USA had 70 million
 

34 According to the lecturer, compared to the 1950s, the 1960s were
 

35 According to the lecturer, literature changed the way women 
 

36 The rate of crime in the sixties
 

37 What happened at the start of the 1960s?
 

Questions 11-13
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D

11 3G technology is believed to be more of a threat to health because
 

12 Why might the testing of animals give us more reliable results?
 

13 What is believed to limit the danger from mobile phones?
 

READING

READING PASSAGE 2

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Yоu should spend about 20 minutes оn Questions 14-26, which are based оn Reading Passage 2 below.

Some Facts and Theories about Flu               The flu, more properly known as influenza, takes its name from the fact that it is so easily transmitted from person to person (influenza is the Italian word for'influence'). Usually, contamination occurs through direct contact with secretions from an infected person. Its spread is also possible from contaminated airborne particles, such as those that occur when someone coughs or sneezes. However, it should be made clear that the risk is not great from simply being in the same room as an infected person, since the flu virus, unlike other respiratory viruses, does not dissolve in the air. Within 4-6 hours of someone catching the flu, the virus multiplies in infected cells and the cells burst, spreading the virus to other cells nearby.               The spread continues for up to 72 hours, the exact length of time depending on the body's immune system response and the strength of the particular strain of flu. The range of human responses to the flu virus has been of interest to scientists for many years. This is because the effect can vary from no infection to a rapid and deadly spread of the virus to many people. One area of study that has received particular attention is the immune system response of the individual. Where a person's immune system is healthy, the virus is attacked as it enters the body, usually in the respiratory tract. This lessens the severity of the illness. In contrast, people with compromised immune systems {typical in the young, where it is not fully developed, or in the old and the sick, where it is not working efficiently), often suffer the worst effects.               One of the body's responses to flu is the creation of antibodies which recognise and destroy that particular strain of flu virus. What fascinates most researchers in the field is that the human body seems capable of storing these antibodies over a whole lifetime in case of future attack from the same or similar strains of flu. It was while researching these antibodies that scientists turned their attention back to what was possibly the worst ever flu pandemic in the world. The actual number of deaths is disputed, but the outbreak in 1918 killed between 20 and 50 million people. It is also estimated that one fifth of the population of the world may have been infected.               Through tests done on some of the survivors of the 1918 outbreak, it was discovered that, 90 years later, they still possessed the antibodies to that strain of flu, and some of them were actually still producing the antibodies. Work is now focused on why these people survived in the first place, with one theory being that they had actually been exposed to an earlier, similar strain, therefore developing immunity to the 1918 strain. It is hoped that, in the near future, we might be able to isolate the antibodies and use them to vaccinate people against further outbreaks.               Yet vaccination against the flu is an imprecise measure. At best, the vaccine protects us from the variations of flu that doctors expect that year. If their predictions are wrong in any particular year, being vaccinated will not prevent us from becoming infected. This is further complicated by the fact that there are two main types of flu, known as influenza A and influenza B. Influenza B causes less concern as its effects are usually less serious. Influenza A, however, has the power to change its genetic make-up. Although these genetic changes are rare, they create entirely new strains of flu against which we have no protection. It has been suggested that this is what had happened immediately prior to the 1918 outbreak, with research indicating that a genetic shift had taken place in China.               In 2005, another genetic shift in an influenza A virus was recorded, giving rise to the HSNl strain, otherwise known as avian flu, or bird flu. Typical of such new strains, we have no way of fighting it and many people who are infected with it die. Perhaps more worrying is that it is a strain only previously found in birds but which changed its genetic make-up in a way that allowed it to be transmitted to humans. Most of the fear surrounding this virus is that it will change again, developing the ability to pass from human to human. If that change does happen, scientists and doctors can reasonably expect a death rate comparable to that which occurred in 1918 and, given that we can now travel more quickly and more easily between countries, infecting many more people than was previously possible, it could be several times worse.

Questions 14-20
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
Write
TRUE - if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE - if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN - if there is no information on this 

14 The only way to catch flu is if someone coughs or sneezes near you.
 

15 You become aware of the symptoms of flu within 4-6 hours of infection. 
 

16 The effect of a flu infection can depend on how strong the strain is.
 

17 Those who are more likely to suffer badly with the flu include very young or very old people. 
 

18 Although antibodies last a lifetime, scientists have found they get weaker with age.
 

19 Vaccination is largely ineffective against flu.
 

20 Another change in the genetic make-up of the H5Nl strain could kill more people than the 1918 epidemic. 
 

Questions 21-24

Classify the following statements as characterising

A - something known by scientist to be true
B - something believed by scientists to be true
C - something known by scientist to be false

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

21 Sharing a room with a flu sufferer presents a very high risk to your health.
 

22 One fifth of the people in the world caught the flu in 1918.
 

23 Influenza A viruses do not change their genetic make-up frequently.
 

24 The H5N1 strain evolved in or before 2005
 

READING

READING PASSAGE 3

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Yоu should spend about 20 minutes оn Questions 27-40, which are based оп Reading Passage 3.

Changes in International Commerce               The purpose of international commerce is to buy things from and sell things to people in other countries. Hundreds, and indeed thousands, of years ago, this actually worked quite well. People who travelled to foreign lands, often by ship, would take with them items for trade. Agricultural countries would, for example, trade olive oil or wine for weapons or other worked items. All that needed to be negotiated was a fair 'price' for the items. (How many axes is a barrel of oil worth, for example?) Currency did not enter into the first deals but, even when it did, few problems existed to complicate matters barring disagreements over the value of goods.               Today, fixing a fair price remains at the centre of international commerce. When we look at the deal from the point of view of the seller, market research must determine the price at which the goods will be sold. This may vary greatly from country to country and people are often surprised to see exactly the same item for sale at two or three times the price it sells for in another country. Taxation and local government controls are sometimes behind this, but often it comes down to the fact that people in poor countries simply cannot afford to pay the same amount of money as those in rich countries. These are the things a seller has to bear in mind when preparing a price list for goods in each country.               In most cases, the purpose of setting a suitable price is to sell the maximum number of units. Usually, this is the way to guarantee the biggest profit. One exception is in the selling of luxury or specialist goods. These are often goods for which there is a limited market. Here, slightly different rules apply because the profit margin (the amount of money a producer makes on each item) is much higher. For instance, nearly everyone wants to own a television or a mobile phone, and there is a lot of competition in the area of production, forcing the prices to be competitive too. The producers have to sell a large number of items to make a profit because their profit margin is small. But not everyone wants to buy hand-made jewellery, or a machine for sticking labels onto bottles. This enables the producer to charge a price much higher than the cost of making the item, increasing the profit margin. But at the heart of any sale, whether they sell many items for a small profit, or a few items for a large profit, the prime motivation for the producer is to make as much profit as possible.               At least, that was the case until relatively recently when, to the great surprise of many, companies started trading without profit as their main objective. Ethical trade began as an attempt to cause as little damage as possible to the producers of raw materials and manufactured goods in poor countries. This movement put pressure on the industry to see to it that working conditions and human rights were not damaged by the need for poorer people to produce goods. In short, it drew to the world's attention the fact that many poor people were being exploited by big businesses in their drive to make more profit.                There have been many examples throughout the developing world where local producers were forced by economic pressure to supply cash crops such as tea, coffee and cotton to major industries. These people are frequently not in a position to fix their prices, and are often forced by market conditions to sell for a price too low to support the producers and their community. Worse still, while the agricultural land is given over to cash crops, it robs the local people of the ability to grow their own food. In time, through over-production, the land becomes spent and infertile, leading to poverty, starvation, and sometimes the destruction of the whole community.               Fair trade policies differ from ethical trade policies in that they take the process a stage further. Where ethical policies are designed to keep the damage to a minimum, fair trade organisations actually work to improve conditions among producers and their communities. Fair trade organisations view sustainability as a key aim. This involves implementing policies where producers are given a fair price for the goods they sell, so that they and their communities can continue to operate.               Although many big businesses are cynical about an operation that does not regard profit as a main driving force, the paradox is that it will help them too. With sustainability as their main aim, fair trade organisations not only help the poorer producers obtain a reasonable standard of living, but they also help guarantee a constant supply of raw materials. This form of sustainability benefits everyone, whether their motive is making a profit or improving the lives of the world's poorer people.

Questions 27-31
Classify the following as being a result of 

A fair trade policies
B ethical trade policies
C a country being poor
 
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C

27 Manufactured goods are obtainable at a lower price than elsewhere. 
 

28 Harm to producers of raw materials is minimised.
 

29 Human rights are respected.
 

30 Land is not used to produce food for the local population.
 

31 The local community has more chance of survival.
 

Questions 37-40
Choose the correct letter, A-D 

37 According to the writer, what might early traders have disagreed about?
 

38 What is the main consequence of a product being in demand?
 

39 How might an agricultural community be destroyed?
 

40 The word paradox in the final paragraph refers to the fact that